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COVID-19, the pandemic that has swept across the globe in recent years, has brought unprecedented challenges and hardships to businesses and organisations around. Many employers faced decreased revenues, increased costs, and disruptions of operations as a result of lockdowns.

To help employers retain their employees and provide them with health benefits during this difficult time, the U.S. government has introduced the Employee Retention Credit (ERC), a refundable tax credit that can offset some of the payroll costs for eligible employers.

The ERC first became law in 2020 with the CARES Act. It was then extended and modified in subsequent legislations in 2021 and 2023. This article will explain the ERC, how it functions, and how you can claim it.

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For a brief reading of what the Employee Retention Credit or ERC is, take a look at this video from the YouTube channel “ERC Specialists”. You can also continue below to read an in-depth explanation of ERC.

What is the Employee Retention Credit? Employee Retention Credit Email

Employee Retention Credit is a tax credit that can be refunded to businesses and tax-exempt organizations who had employees affected by COVID-19. The ERC was established by the CARES Act of 2020 and extended and modified in subsequent legislations in 2021 and in 2023. The ERC was created to encourage employers in crisis to keep workers on their payrolls and provide them health insurance.

Main Features & Benefits

  • The credit is a percentage of wages and health insurance premiums paid by eligible employees. There are limits per employee, per quarter.
  • The percentage and the limit vary depending on the time period for which the credit is claimed. In 2020, the 50% percentage and $5,000 limit per employee is applicable for the entire calendar year. In 2021, 70% of the employees will be eligible for the maximum. The limit per employee is $7,000. For 2023, there is a 70% percentage for the first 2 quarters followed by 40% for the second two quarters. There is a $10,000 limit per employee. Employee Retention Credit Email
  • The credit amount is fully refundable, meaning if the credit exceeds your employer’s tax liability on payroll, you will receive the excess as a reimbursement.
  • The credit can be claimed by employers who experienced a significant decline in gross receipts or a full or partial suspension of operations due to a qualifying government order related to COVID-19. Alternatively, for 2023 only, employers who are considered recovery startup businesses can also claim the credit.
  • Credits may be obtained by filing a revised employment tax form (Form 941X) or reducing employment deposit amounts in anticipation. The credit can be requested in advance by employers using Form 7200.

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Eligibility Criteria

To qualify as an employer for the Employee retention Credit (ERC), you must meet at least one of the two criteria below:

  • The employer’s business or organisation was suspended in whole or in part by a government decree due to the COVID-19, during a quarter calendar of 2020 or 21
  • Employer’s gross receipts in a calendar quarter of 2020 or 2021 was less than 50% or 80% of the gross receipts in the same quarter in 2019.

There is also a special rule that applies to recovery startups, which are businesses that started operations after February 15th 2020 with gross receipts no higher than $1,000,000 on average. These businesses can qualify for the ERC regardless of business suspension or revenue decline.

Business Suspension

A government order may suspend a business, or even partially suspend it.

  • The order prohibits travel, group meetings, and commerce due to COVID-19
  • The order has an impact on the business or organization
  • This order is applicable to any calendar quarter of 2020 or 2021

These are some examples:

  • Stay-at-home orders prohibiting the operation of non-essential businesses
  • Curfews that limit the hours of operation for certain businesses
  • Limits to the number of clients or customers that a company can serve
  • Travel bans or restrictions that affect the ability of a business to transport goods or services

To determine if the business was partially or fully suspended by an official order, employers must consider:

  • How the nature and scope and the order affect the operation of the business
  • The order’s duration, frequency, and alignment with the calendar quarters
  • The impact of an order on revenue and expenses

Revenue Decline

A significant decline in gross revenues is experienced by a business or organization if:

  • The gross revenue for any calendar-quarter in 2020 was less than 50 percent of the gross revenues for the same period in 2019.
  • The gross receipts of any quarter in calendar 2021 were below 80% of the gross receipts in the same quarter for 2019.

Gross receipts are defined as the total amount received or accrued by a business or organization from all sources during its annual accounting period without any deductions. Gross receipts can include:

  • Sales of Goods & Services
  • Interest, dividends, rents, royalties, and annuities
  • Contributions are gifts, donations and grants Employee Retention Credit Email
  • Membership fees and dues
  • Gross revenue from businesses or trades

To compare gross revenues for different quarters an employer can use:

  • It should use the same method of accounting, either cash or accrual, that it used for its federal income tax returns for 2019.
  • It will use the same calendar year quarters for 2019/2021 as it did to file its federal Employment Tax Returns (Form 941).
  • It is the same income sources that were reported on the federal income tax returns for 2019.

Recovery Startup Business

The recovery startup business is one that:

  • Begun carrying on any business after February 15th, 2020
  • The average annual gross receipts for the three tax years ending in the year preceding the quarter for which credit is calculated cannot exceed $1 million

If a business is in recovery, it can still qualify for ERC even if the business has been suspended or its revenue has declined. However, there are some limitations and special rules that apply to recovery startup businesses, such as:

  • The maximum credit amount per quarter is $50,000
  • The credit is only available for wages paid in the third and fourth quarters of 2021
  • The credit has a cap of 250 million dollars for all startup businesses that are eligible.

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Credit Amount and Calculation

There are different ERC rules and amounts for different employers and periods of time. The main factors that affect the ERC are:

  • How much business income dropped compared to 2019.
  • What number of employees did the employer have in 2019 and 2020/2021?
  • How much the employer paid to each employee and their health insurance during the pandemic

The employer has to fill out some forms and send them to the IRS to claim the ERC. The form must show the amount the employer paid for their employees’ health insurance, and how they qualified for the ERC. The IRS will verify the forms, and then give the money to your employer. The employer can use the money to pay their employees and their health insurance or to get refunds or credits for their payroll taxes.

The ERC will not be available indefinitely. It started in March 2020 and will end in September 2022. The employer has to claim the ERC before it expires or becomes unavailable. The employer should also make sure to not waste the money. Employee Retention Credit Email

Here is more information about the ERC and its calculation.

Time Period

In 2020, 2021, & 2022, different laws were passed to introduce, amend, and terminate the ERC. The amount of credit depends on the time frame for which it’s claimed. The table below summarises key features and differences for the ERC in each time frame:

Time Period Law Eligible Employers Credit Rate Qualified Wages
2020 CARES Act Employers with business suspension or revenue decline of more than 50% 50% of qualified wages up to $10,000 per employee per year Wages paid from March 13 to December 31, 2020
Q1-Q3 2021 CAA and ARPA Employers with business suspension or revenue decline of more than 20% 70% of qualified wages up to $10,000 per employee per quarter Wages paid from January 1 to September 30, 2021
Q3-Q4 2021 (Recovery Startup Business) ARPA Recovery startup businesses with average annual gross receipts of no more than $1 million, 70% of qualified wages up to $10,000 per employee per quarter (subject to a $50,000 cap per quarter), Wages paid from July 1 to December 31, 2021,
Q4 2021 – Q3 2022 (Severely Financially Distressed Employer) ARPA and IIJA Employers with a revenue decline of more than 90% 70% of qualified wages up to $10,000 per employee per quarter Wages paid from October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022

 

The Number of Employees

The number and type of employees can affect the definition and calculation for qualified wages and health care costs. An employer is considered a small or large employer depending on the time period and the number of full-time employees (FTEs) it had in 2019. The table below summarizes all the rules and thresholds that determine an employer’s size.

Time Period Small Employer Threshold Large Employer Threshold
2020 Less than or equal to 100 FTEs in 2019 More than 100 FTEs in 2019
Q1-Q2 2021 Less than or equal to 500 FTEs in 2019 More than 500 FTEs in 2019
Q3-Q4 2021 Less than or equal to 500 FTEs in any calendar quarter in either calendar year beginning after December 31, 2019, and ending before July 1, 2021. If an employer did not have in either calendar year beginning after December 31, 2019, and ending before July 1, 2021, the employer is treated as a small eligible employer if it had less than or equal to 500 FTEs in any calendar quarter beginning after June 30, 2021. For recovery startup businesses, the employer size is irrelevant. For severely financially distressed employers, the employer size is irrelevant if the employer had a revenue decline of more than 90%. Otherwise, the same rules as Q1-Q2 2021 apply. More than 500 FTEs in any calendar quarter in either calendar year beginning after December 31, 2019, and ending before July 1, 2021. If an employer did not exist in either calendar year beginning after December 31, 2019, and ending before July 1, 2021, the employer is treated as a large eligible employer if it had more than 500 FTEs in any calendar quarter beginning after June 30, 2021.

To count FTEs for a given year or quarter, an employer must use the following steps:

  • Count the number of employees who worked at least 30 hours per week (or at least 130 hours per month) for each month in the year or quarter
  • Add up the total hours worked by all other employees (who are not counted as FTEs) for each month in the year or quarter
  • Divide the total hours by120and round down to the nearest whole number
  • Add the number of FTEs from Step One and Step Three for each month in the year or quarter
  • Calculate the average number of FTEs by adding up the monthly totals and dividing by 12 (for a year) or 3 (for a quarter)

 

Qualified Wages & Health Insurance Costs

Qualified wages include wages paid to eligible workers during a business suspension or revenue decrease. The list of qualified wages includes tips, bonuses, commissions, and severance payments, as well as sick leave, family leave, severance, and other compensation. Qualified wages also include the cost of providing health insurance to eligible employees, such as premiums, deductibles, co-pays, and co-insurance.

The employer size, the time period and the calculation of the qualified wage and health insurance cost will affect the calculation. Table 1 summarizes and gives examples of rules in various scenarios. Employee Retention Credit Email

Employer Size Time Period Qualified Wages and Health Insurance Costs Example
Small 2020 All wages and health insurance costs paid to any employee, regardless of whether the employee worked or not An employer with 80 FTEs in 2019 paid $8,000 in wages and $2,000 in health insurance costs to an employee in 2020. The employer had a revenue decline of more than 50% in Q2 2020. The qualified wages and health insurance costs for Q2 2020 are $10,000.
Small Q1-Q3 2021 All wages and health insurance costs paid to any employee, regardless of whether the employee worked or not An employer with 400 FTEs in 2019 paid $12,000 in wages and $3,000 in health insurance costs to an employee in Q1 2021. The employer had a revenue decline of more than 20% in Q1 2021. The qualified wages and health insurance costs for Q1 2021 are $15,000.
Small Q3-Q4 2021 (Recovery Startup Business) All wages and health insurance costs paid to any employee, regardless of whether the employee worked or not (subject to a $50,000 cap per quarter) A recovery startup business that began operations in March 2020 paid $9,000 in wages and $1,000 in health insurance costs to an employee in Q3 2021. The business had average annual gross receipts of $800,000. The qualified wages and health insurance costs for Q3 2021 are $10,000.
Small Q4 2021 – Q3 2022 (Severely Financially Distressed Employer) All wages and health insurance costs paid to any employee, regardless of whether the employee worked or not An employer with 600 FTEs in Q2 2019 paid $11,000 in wages and $4,000 in health insurance costs to an employee in Q4 2021. The employer had a revenue decline of more than 90% in Q4 2021. The qualified wages and health insurance costs for Q4 2021 are $15,000.
Large 2020 Wages and health insurance costs paid to an employee for the time that the employee did not work (up to the amount that the employee would have been paid for working an equivalent duration during the 30 days immediately preceding the period of economic hardship) An employer with 120 FTEs in 2019 paid $10,000 in wages and $2,000 in health insurance costs to an employee who worked full-time (40 hours per week) in 2020. The employer had a business suspension due to a government order in April 2020. The employee did not work for two weeks in April 2020. The qualified wages and health insurance costs for April 2020 are $2,308 ($10,000 x2/52+$2,000 x2/52).
Large Q1-Q3 2021 Wages and health insurance costs paid to an employee for the time that the employee did not work (up to the amount that the employee would have been paid for working an equivalent duration during the 90 days immediately preceding the period of economic hardship) An employer with 550 FTEs in 2019 paid $15,000 in wages and $5,000 in health insurance costs to an employee who worked full-time (40 hours per week) in Q1 2021. The employer had a revenue decline of more than 20% in Q1 2021. The employee did not work for three weeks in Q1 2021. The qualified wages and health insurance costs for Q1 2021 are $5,769 ($15,000 x3/13+$5,000 x3/13).
Large Q3-Q4 2021 (Severely Financially Distressed Employer) All wages and health insurance costs paid to any employee, regardless of whether the employee worked or not (only if the employer had a revenue decline of more than 90%. Otherwise, the same rules as Q1-Q32021 apply.) An employer with 700 FTEs in Q4 2019 paid $12,000 in wages and $6,000 in health insurance costs to an employee who worked full-time (40 hours per week) in Q4 2021. The employer had a revenue decline of more than 90% in Q4 2021. The qualified wages and health insurance costs

 

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Claim and Report Credit

For an employer to claim the Employee retention credit (ERC), they must submit a federal employment return (Form 951) or a revised employment tax report (Form 941X) to the Internal Revenue Service. The employer must report the qualified wages and health insurance costs paid to eligible employees and the amount of credit claimed for each quarter.

Form 941

Form 941 is used to report the employer’s quarterly federal tax liability, including income tax, social security tax, and Medicare tax. The employer can also claim the ERC in Form 941 for future or current quarters. Form 941 allows the employer to do:

  • ERC reduces taxes that employers have to deposit at the IRS.
  • The employer can request an advanced payment of the ERC credit if it exceeds taxes that they have to deposit. Employee Retention Credit Email
  • Carry over any excess credit into the following quarter

To ensure the correct completion of Form 941, and to avoid common errors:

  • Use the newest version of the Form 941, which reflects changes to laws that impact the ERC.
  • Follow the instructions and worksheets provided by the IRS for calculating and reporting the ERC
  • Use Line 11c to declare the wages and costs of health insurance paid to employees who qualify.
  • Report the amount of credit claimed each quarter using Line 13d.
  • Line 13f is used to report any advance payment of credit received by the IRS
  • Line 24 is the place to ask for an advance payment if you need it.
  • You can report excess credit on Line 25 for the following quarters.
  • Sign Form 941, date it and attach any documents or schedules that you wish to include.

Some tips and resources for filling out Form 941 are:

  • Use online services (e-file or online filing) to submit Form 941, faster and with greater security.
  • Check the IRS website for updates, FAQs, and guidance on Form 941 and the ERC
  • If you need clarification or assistance, contact the IRS or an accountant.

Form 941-X

Forms 941-X are used to rectify errors or make adjustments to Forms 941 previously submitted. Form 941-X allows employers to claim ERC retroactively. The employer can use the Form 941 X to: Employee Retention Credit Email

  • Claim the ERC to get a refund of taxes that you have overpaid.
  • Report additional qualified wages and health insurance costs paid to eligible employees that were not reported on Form 941
  • You can correct any errors or omissions that may have affected the credit claimed amount on Form 941.

To fill out Form 941-X correctly and avoid common errors, the employer should:

  • Use the latest Form 941-X which reflects all the updates and changes made to the ERC by new laws.
  • The IRS has provided worksheets to help you calculate the ERC.
  • Use Part 2 of Form 941 to indicate which lines are being amended or corrected.
  • Use Part 3 to explain the reason for a correction or adjustment on Form 941
  • Use Line 24 to declare any additional qualified wages or health insurance costs paid by eligible employees.
  • Line 25 is the place to enter any additional credit claims for each quarter.
  • Use Line 26 for any refunds or credits due to ERC claims.
  • Attach any supporting documents and schedules to Form 941-X.

The following are some resources and tips for filling in Form 941X.

  • For each quarter to be adjusted or corrected, you must submit a different Form 941X. Employee Retention Credit Email
  • After making a correction or finding an error, you should file Form 941X.
  • The IRS website has updated FAQs on the ERC, Form 941 X, and updates to the IRS website.
  • If you need clarification or assistance, contact the IRS or an accountant.

Deadline and Statute of Limitations

The deadline to submit Form 941 is usually the last day in the month following each quarter. For example for Q1 (2021) (January – March), Form 941 should be submitted by April 30, 2019. Nevertheless, if the employer deposited all taxes due in a given quarter on time, they may file Form 941 before the 10th day. After the end quarter. For example, the Q1 of 2021 is January-March. The Form 941 should be received by May 10th, 2021. Employee Retention Credit Email

Form 941X must be filed within three years of the original filing date or two from the payment date, whichever comes later. For Q1 2020, (January-March), the Form 941 must be filed by April 30th 2020. If an employer filed Form 941 on April 30, 2020, and paid the tax on April 30, 2020, the deadline for filing Form 941-X is April 30, 2023. If an employer files Form 941 in April 2020 and pays the tax on June 15 2020, they have until June 15 2022 to file Form 941.

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Conclusion

The Employee Retention Credit (ERC) is a valuable tax benefit that can help employers who were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic keep their employees on the payroll and reduce the impact of the pandemic on their businesses or organizations.

The ERC (Eligible Employees Credit) is a tax credit that can vary depending on the time frame, the number and type of employees employed, and the amount paid in wages and insurance to employees eligible for the credit. The ERC is claimed by filing IRS Form 941 or 941-X and reporting qualified wages, health insurance costs, and the credit amount claimed for each quarter.

Don’t miss this chance to get a tax break if your employer meets the ERC criteria. The ERC does not last forever. It has a deadline, and there is a statute of limitations for claiming the ERC. You should file your forms as soon as possible and use the tips and resources provided in this article to fill them out correctly and avoid common errors. You can also contact the IRS or a tax professional for assistance or clarification if needed.

ERCs are a powerful tool that can help your company or organization, as well as your employees. It can help you retain your workers, maintain your cash flow, and recover from the pandemic. We hope this article has helped you understand more about the ERC and how to claim it. Stay safe and thank you for reading.

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What is ERC?

The Employee Retention Credit is a tax credit for employers who retained their employees in their payroll during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The CARES Act, passed by Congress in March of this year, was amended in December of that year by the CAA Act. In March 2021, the ARPA Act (American Rescue Plan Act of 2021), was extended.

Can everyone apply for ERC?

ERC eligibility is not universal. It is only available to employers who have retained employees and paid their wages to them between March 13, 2020, and December 31, 2021.

More details are available above. But here are some of the highlights.

  • A government order has suspended the business or organization (wholly or partially) due to COVID-19.
  • Their gross receipts in a quarter of 2020 or 2021 are less than the percentage of their gross revenue in the same quarter of 2019.
  • It is a recovery-startup business that has been operating since after February 15, 2020. Their average annual gross receipts are no more than one million dollars.

How much is ERC?

The amount ERC received by a business or organization will depend upon several factors.

These factors include time, the number of employees and the amount of wages that qualify. They also include health insurance costs for eligible employees. The article above provides a detailed explanation on how ERC is calculated.

How to claim your ERC?

To receive the ERC, employers must file with the IRS a Form 941-X (revised employment tax returns) or a Federal Employment Tax Reform.

Employers must submit quarterly reports detailing the amounts of the tax credit, the wages paid and the health insurance premiums that they have claimed to be reimbursed.

When is the deadline to file the ERC Forms

The deadlines for filing ERC forms for Forms 941 and form 941 X are different.

The last day to submit Form 941 for each quarter is the last calendar month. Meanwhile, the deadline for Form 941-X is generally three years from the date that the original Form 941 was filled. It can also be from two years from the date that the tax was paid, with the later date being the more preferred one.

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